436 Matsuyama University Journal 17 Volume No. 2 According to the supply and demand for forest products dynamics research, manufacturing charcoal's number has decreased to 197 people. 6, Kishu charcoal of many Wakayama Prefecture in-southern part of the municipality another recent 40 productivity is one that shows a decrease in the status of manufacturing charcoal's years. Taking the example most often Minabegawa village of manufacturing charcoal's number, self-employed made Sumiyo of the 1960 111 have been counted the band, in 1999 and has become a 48 households, in 2004 and 25 households half are doing. In 1999 to 2004, looking at the households that dropped out of the manufacturing coal industry, manufacturing charcoal's 10 households those aging, 4 households those same death, what was the same illness manufacturing in FIG. 6, Wakayama Prefecture coal's municipal reduction situation (1960-2003 years) Nakatsu Village Prefecture field municipal boundaries Kawabe-cho dragon village Inami-cho Minabegawa village Nakahechi 100 people 50 10 1 1960 of the self-employed made charcoal household Tanabe Oto Village kozagawa Nachikatsura town charcoal production the number of people in 2003 Hikigawa susami Koza-cho 0 20d self-employed made charcoal household Note) manufacturing charcoal number of people in 1960 to municipal statistics manual of the 1960 Census of Agriculture and Forestry (Wakayama Prefecture). Ltd. charcoal number of people in 2003 by a charcoal producer number of special forest products supply and demand dynamics investigation of Wakayama Prefecture. Technology lore 437 of charcoal by Yamamura migration of urban residents 1 households, 6 households those turning 18) in the same plum cultivation, which manufactured charcoal who has returned home to Hometown 1 household, unknown has become one household. Tanabe Akizugawa neighborhood, is also a similar trend. (A) mountain village migration of urban residents So what will that this reduction of such manufacturing charcoal who are replenished how. As already mentioned in Chapter 2, and the settlement policy of urban residents to the agricultural mountain village as part of Wakayama of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries administrative, technical guidance for the new entrants to those who blame coal industry is doing in each municipality, or settlement policy, that is done in each municipality, and to lead to new entrants to the manufacturing Sumi-gyo, is has become the training of leaders of Seisumi-gyo. According to the Wakayama Prefecture Kishu charcoal entrants material, 1989 (FY original) from 2004 Kishu charcoal new entrants reached 87 people, U-turn's 46% from urban areas to rural areas, cities Wakayama Prefecture capital of from the frequency J turn of 6.9% to the city limits, rural of I turn no urban areas from relatives has become 41.4%. New entrants number of to municipal Kishu charcoal is shown in Table 4, according to this, including 16 people Minabegawa village, etc. Nakatsu Village and Tanabe City, Oto village of new entrants to the Kishu charcoal often has it seen. On the other hand, looking at the area out sends the new entrants to the Kishu charcoal, Wakayama Prefecture in (46 people) than rather than the most multi-Keihanshin District adjacent, then it can be said that the Tokyo metropolitan area, and Fukuoka Prefecture often. Table 4 Kishu charcoal municipal new entrants number of municipalities name new entrants number of southern river village 16 in Tsumura 13 Tanabe City 12 large tower village 11 days location River Town, 8 river side-cho, 7 southern town 6 in the side road-cho 4 nachikatsuura 3 white beach Town 2 mark Minami-cho, 2 to of seen town 2 dragon god town two other towns and villages 11 Total 99 by Note) Wakayama Prefecture settled promotion Division documents. Minute of migrant number of Heisei first year to 14 years. Of 12 people was stopped manufacturing charcoal out of business, or the like. 438 Matsuyama University Journal 17 Vol. 2 No. 7 Kishu charcoal new entrants Hometown (1989 to 2003) 0 200d 50 people 10 1 Note) created from Wakayama Prefecture, agricultural and marine products settled Development Division provides materials urban residents of the mountain village charcoal technical lore 439 by immigration (c) conventional manufacturing charcoal form manufacturing of Kishu charcoal, either would had been done how conventional. 8, about 35 owns a forest of hectare, mainly ○ A 10 hectare · ○ Lee 9 at hectare of selection forest procure raw wood to have Akizugawa district shows the selection forest management of N's own mountain It is. The selection forest there was a 3 style of the weaker-moderate-intensity selective logging, FIG. 9 shows a selection forest of moderate degree among them. Moderate degree of selective cutting forests, 60-70% in HayashiTsumoru, 20-30% in the number, Medori diameter 4.5 or higher of the tree is subject to selective cutting. Regression year years 8-10, Hayashi-so form a three-stage forests. Selection forest is not cut down Yoyowaiki and middle aged trees, since harvesting period is short, as compared to the clear cutting forests, it was possible to obtain an increased yield of 50-60% in the same year. At the time, Kishu Bei length charcoal core production area in which was Akizugawa district of phillyraeoides of selective cutting technology, it said that was in the highest level 19 nationwide). However Wakayama Prefecture, Chubu of Yamamura, rather than intense the integration of forest land by large forest landowners, was a typical large forest landowners of appearance fabric 20) of Japan. Meiji after forest is integrated in such as firewood quotient of the coastal area, a lot of manufacturing charcoal who is a self-owned forests is narrow, it is inevitable to rely on wood to large forest landowners of firewood mountain, Shoko system 21) persons engaged there were many in Seisumi under the. Figure 10 illustrates the actual use of firewood mountain that put in Gaiyama that Mr. H of Ichiigawa village Minabegawa is Iriyama (bargain trees only). Area of Sumiyama about 5 hectare, production of charcoal is a mountain of about 1,000 bales (15), Sumigama and stay hut, Sade canal therefore blame charcoal who was Gaiyama, that are sequentially use. Until the 1960s, in the locality of Kishu charcoal is, Sumigama is a convenient place to collecting material of the mountains of phillyraeoides, convenient Toko in there is swamp water built into the furnace. The Every pot that was drilled in Sawa, wooden tools, etc., such as Every immersed in water, during the extinguishing of hard charcoal is watering its water to carbon ash, also emergency-proof have you and also to fire water It was used. Such as when staying hut of the seminal (Nerashi), when daily life there together, also became a resting place in Seisumi work. 440 Matsuyama University Journal 17 Volume No. 2 management of 8 Wakayama Prefecture N's selective cutting firewood forest (1965) 11 hectare forest 3 hectare of selective cutting firewood forest of 8 hectare cedar and cypress plantation of 2.5 hectare forest Akamatsu of - afforestation of cedar 9 hectare of selective cutting firewood forest 010 hectare of selective cutting firewood forest ® 2 hectare forest 1.2 hectare cypress plantation of 0.8 hectare of clear-cutting firewood forests ® ® C 0 500c river roads - the future of logging order charcoal kiln N's owned forests Note) Shigenori Shinohara (1967): types of manufacturing coal region of Shikoku, geography critic, I due to 40-11. Phillyraeoides miscellaneous 9 Wakayama Prefecture of selection forest Akizugawa sprouting 8 to ten years 8-10 years and eight to ten years forest types about '25 selective logging after two years of forest types of after the next selective cutting two years of forest types after next selective cutting two years Note) Shinohara Shigenori (1967): types of manufacturing coal region of Shikoku, geography critic, I due to 40-11. Urban residents Yamamura charcoal technology lore 441 by immigration Figure 10 Minabegawa village Ichiigawa of H's purchase mountain (sketch) Sa Sa de de de canal road Kyukamaato tail root Kyukamaato rack line Sawa support horse road The de road Eburitsubo stay hut Sumigama H's home Ogawa car road 442 Matsuyama Journal 17 Volume No. 2 Photo 7 Minabegawa village of mountains in Ichiigawa Sumigama (left) and Kyo-sho shop (far right) (March 2004 ) Photo 8 Minabegawa village Eburitsubo in Ichiigawa (March 2004) (d) current status of charcoal production Minabegawa village there is manufacturing charcoal's 2002 currently 37 people, charcoal production, the manufacturing charcoal toll your stomach, is a municipality's premier under Wakayama Prefecture. The author through 2003-2004, and visited the manufacturing charcoal person in each Sumigama, tried to survey about the actual situation and the daily life of manufacturing coal activities of manufacturing charcoal's. Survey number ranged in total five times, but was able to make the interview survey from manufacturing charcoal's inner 32 people. 11, the 32 guests (local made charcoal's 24 employees, new entrants 8 people from the urban areas) are those Sumigama and residence of, the raw wood mountain shown on the map. This mountain village by migration of urban residents technology lore 443 of charcoal to within wood mountain are building a Sumigama it was only manufactured charcoal's. Management and home relationship firewood mountain have purchased of his (purchased wood only), it is the time is shown in Figure 10. Along it Sumigama other than the national highway, located on the prefectural road, town road-Lindau, it I said to be located in a convenient point to carry the wood in the mini truck. The manufacturing charcoal who began to introduce a mini track is from around 1970, the Sumigama began primarily located along the road, that then is from 1980 around. Sumigama and manufacturing coal's residence are also those that are close to, but also to the greater are away from number 1. Sumigama is to located along the road that was off the beaten track, it is due to the fact that hate residents the smoke of charcoal in Seisumi work. Sumigama and wood mountain is generally away. It Seisumi's a none is forest owned by the distribution of Sumigama, housing and timber harvesting forests in 11 Minabegawa village Say coal's (2003) 678C 768c 603c 24 422c 4 24 22 22 28 29 28 2121 3 3 25 1 1 4 22 29 6 49 8 10 18 27 8 2620 1918 23 1615 14 6 27 9 26 20 10 10 17 2319 25 17 386c 7 30 15 30 413c 2 26 511c 499C of urban migrants Sumigama 339c 21 31 24 13 11 5 347c 13 9 Sumigama of local residents dwelling made of charcoal's 12 12 125c 1 created by the Note) field research 20 15 264c 0 2D wood Mountain (stumpage purchase) wood Mountain (Jiyama) national highway prefectural road, towns and villages road river foothills line number Seisumi show the party number (for the same made charcoal person, I have been using the same numbers in Sumigama, housing and timber harvesting forests both). 444 Matsuyama Journal No. 17, Volume No. 2 or, due to being a very small own. Ltd. charcoal person every time wood mountain to move, take a lot of money and effort if it is to rebuild the Sumigama. The Sumigama is no longer restricted to raw wood mountain, mini track is popular, it is because he became so can be transported to the raw wood is easily Sumigama. How to obtain the raw wood is the were purchased Offer mountain, manufacturing charcoal himself cut down, there is also intended to transport it to pottery in mini track, and Ru More things to buy from the village outside of the timber suppliers. In order to increase the Seisumi efficiency, rather than the logging and export of raw wood, it is better that depend on trees purchase, called extensible sales production of charcoal. (E) actual condition of new entrants of urban residents to Kishu charcoal production new entrants of urban residents to Kishu charcoal, when by Wakayama Prefecture settled Development Division of the article, 87 people in 1984 to 2004 I reached and reached U-turn · I turn together 87 people. New entrants often Wakayama Prefecture municipalities to Seisumi-gyo, it is a central mountain village area of Wakayama Prefecture Minabegawa village 22) in the Tsumura 23) Tanabe 24) Oto village, is where you have already pointed out . Table 5 summarizes the new entrants a lot of 4 municipalities new entrants before residential areas and migration year to Seisumi-gyo, such as immigration motive as list. Kishu Bei length new entrants prior to the previous dwelling place in charcoal , the Kinki metropolitan area centered on Osaka, many in the metropolitan area centered on Tokyo, then it can be said that the east sea area. Looking at the ages, from the elderly in excess of 70 years, it is a wide variety in Seisonen layer between them. Occupation in urban areas of the previous residential land multi- but over the Toki, computer engineer, banker-cram Photo 9 Tanabe Akizugawa Kishu charcoal Memorial Park (November 2003) before the Bussan Museum - Road Station -, beyond the museum urban residents of charcoal technology lore 445 by Yamamura immigration such as lecturer, conspicuous person who was engaged in high mental stress profession, other, was engaged in flow work specific work in the near-generation plant things often. Motivation that has been fascinated by the manufacturing charcoal of charcoal, which is often the person who is found are showed in flames burning bright red at the time of kiln out, in essence, is longing to life mountain village that was blessed with a natural, self-active in agriculture and forestry that aim the salt of life to those who want to can be said to be overwhelmingly large. If you like this look, the past, the movement of residents seeking employment in metropolitan areas from rural areas was a mainstream, now reverse from the metropolitan area is the reflux of the population to rural areas can be seen. Than live in strict management society is employment in large companies of big cities rather than, is self-supporting with naturally blessed rural, urban residents to find a reason for living to leisurely late from Succoth is increased to ensure that are and it can be read. It is one of the feature is also the person who is more likely to enter the village along with a companion. Successor of Hometown of the mountain village is the worrying about lack daughter-in-law is a contrast. Is Irimura along with a good mate from the metropolitan area, plight is caused envy the Seisonen's single of Hometown
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